<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html lang="zh-CN">


<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta name="keywords" content="vue渲染机制、渲染函数（官文简化、理解）, 夯鸟">
    <meta name="description" content="好好生活，慢慢相遇。">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">
    <meta name="renderer" content="webkit|ie-stand|ie-comp">
    <meta name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
    <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no">
    <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
    <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black-translucent">
    <meta name="referrer" content="no-referrer-when-downgrade">
    <!-- Global site tag (gtag.js) - Google Analytics -->


    <title>vue渲染机制、渲染函数（官文简化、理解） | 夯鸟</title>
    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/ycs/favicon.png">
    


    <!-- bg-cover style     -->



<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/ycs/libs/awesome/css/all.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/ycs/libs/materialize/materialize.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/ycs/libs/aos/aos.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/ycs/libs/animate/animate.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/ycs/libs/lightGallery/css/lightgallery.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/ycs/css/matery.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/ycs/css/my.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/ycs/css/dark.css" media="none" onload="if(media!='all')media='all'">




    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/ycs/css/post.css">



    
        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/ycs/css/reward.css">
    



    <script src="/ycs/libs/jquery/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script>

<meta name="generator" content="Hexo 6.3.0">
<style>.github-emoji { position: relative; display: inline-block; width: 1.2em; min-height: 1.2em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: top; color: transparent; }  .github-emoji > span { position: relative; z-index: 10; }  .github-emoji img, .github-emoji .fancybox { margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; border: none !important; outline: none !important; text-decoration: none !important; user-select: none !important; cursor: auto !important; }  .github-emoji img { height: 1.2em !important; width: 1.2em !important; position: absolute !important; left: 50% !important; top: 50% !important; transform: translate(-50%, -50%) !important; user-select: none !important; cursor: auto !important; } .github-emoji-fallback { color: inherit; } .github-emoji-fallback img { opacity: 0 !important; }</style>
<link rel="alternate" href="/ycs/atom.xml" title="夯鸟" type="application/atom+xml">
</head>


<body>
    <header class="navbar-fixed">
    <nav id="headNav" class="bg-color nav-transparent">
        <div id="navContainer" class="nav-wrapper container">
            <div class="brand-logo">
                <a href="/ycs/" class="waves-effect waves-light">
                    
                    <img src="/ycs/medias/logo.png" class="logo-img" alt="LOGO">
                    
                    <span class="logo-span">夯鸟</span>
                </a>
            </div>
            

<a href="#" data-target="mobile-nav" class="sidenav-trigger button-collapse"><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a>
<ul class="right nav-menu">
  
  <li class="hide-on-med-and-down nav-item">
    
    <a href="/ycs/" class="waves-effect waves-light">
      
      <i class="fas fa-home" style="zoom: 0.6;"></i>
      
      <span>首页</span>
    </a>
    
  </li>
  
  <li class="hide-on-med-and-down nav-item">
    
    <a href="/ycs/tags" class="waves-effect waves-light">
      
      <i class="fas fa-tags" style="zoom: 0.6;"></i>
      
      <span>标签</span>
    </a>
    
  </li>
  
  <li class="hide-on-med-and-down nav-item">
    
    <a href="/ycs/categories" class="waves-effect waves-light">
      
      <i class="fas fa-bookmark" style="zoom: 0.6;"></i>
      
      <span>分类</span>
    </a>
    
  </li>
  
  <li class="hide-on-med-and-down nav-item">
    
    <a href="/ycs/archives" class="waves-effect waves-light">
      
      <i class="fas fa-archive" style="zoom: 0.6;"></i>
      
      <span>归档</span>
    </a>
    
  </li>
  
  <li class="hide-on-med-and-down nav-item">
    
    <a href="/ycs/about" class="waves-effect waves-light">
      
      <i class="fas fa-user-circle" style="zoom: 0.6;"></i>
      
      <span>关于</span>
    </a>
    
  </li>
  
  <li class="hide-on-med-and-down nav-item">
    
    <a href="/ycs/contact" class="waves-effect waves-light">
      
      <i class="fas fa-comments" style="zoom: 0.6;"></i>
      
      <span>联系</span>
    </a>
    
  </li>
  
  <li class="hide-on-med-and-down nav-item">
    
    <a href="/ycs/friends" class="waves-effect waves-light">
      
      <i class="fas fa-address-book" style="zoom: 0.6;"></i>
      
      <span>友情推荐</span>
    </a>
    
  </li>
  
  <li>
    <a href="#searchModal" class="modal-trigger waves-effect waves-light">
      <i id="searchIcon" class="fas fa-search" title="搜索" style="zoom: 0.85;"></i>
    </a>
  </li>
  <li>
    <a href="javascript:;" class="waves-effect waves-light" onclick="switchNightMode()" title="深色/浅色模式" >
      <i id="sum-moon-icon" class="fas fa-sun" style="zoom: 0.85;"></i>
    </a>
  </li>
</ul>


<div id="mobile-nav" class="side-nav sidenav">

    <div class="mobile-head bg-color">
        
        <img src="/ycs/medias/logo.png" class="logo-img circle responsive-img">
        
        <div class="logo-name">夯鸟</div>
        <div class="logo-desc">
            
            Never really desperate, only the lost of the soul.
            
        </div>
    </div>

    <ul class="menu-list mobile-menu-list">
        
        <li class="m-nav-item">
	  
		<a href="/ycs/" class="waves-effect waves-light">
			
			    <i class="fa-fw fas fa-home"></i>
			
			首页
		</a>
          
        </li>
        
        <li class="m-nav-item">
	  
		<a href="/ycs/tags" class="waves-effect waves-light">
			
			    <i class="fa-fw fas fa-tags"></i>
			
			标签
		</a>
          
        </li>
        
        <li class="m-nav-item">
	  
		<a href="/ycs/categories" class="waves-effect waves-light">
			
			    <i class="fa-fw fas fa-bookmark"></i>
			
			分类
		</a>
          
        </li>
        
        <li class="m-nav-item">
	  
		<a href="/ycs/archives" class="waves-effect waves-light">
			
			    <i class="fa-fw fas fa-archive"></i>
			
			归档
		</a>
          
        </li>
        
        <li class="m-nav-item">
	  
		<a href="/ycs/about" class="waves-effect waves-light">
			
			    <i class="fa-fw fas fa-user-circle"></i>
			
			关于
		</a>
          
        </li>
        
        <li class="m-nav-item">
	  
		<a href="/ycs/contact" class="waves-effect waves-light">
			
			    <i class="fa-fw fas fa-comments"></i>
			
			联系
		</a>
          
        </li>
        
        <li class="m-nav-item">
	  
		<a href="/ycs/friends" class="waves-effect waves-light">
			
			    <i class="fa-fw fas fa-address-book"></i>
			
			友情推荐
		</a>
          
        </li>
        
        
        <li><div class="divider"></div></li>
        <li>
            <a href="https://gitee.com/chunsuo/blog" class="waves-effect waves-light" target="_blank">
                <i class="fab fa-github-square fa-fw"></i>Fork Me
            </a>
        </li>
        
    </ul>
</div>


        </div>

        
            <style>
    .nav-transparent .github-corner {
        display: none !important;
    }

    .github-corner {
        position: absolute;
        z-index: 10;
        top: 0;
        right: 0;
        border: 0;
        transform: scale(1.1);
    }

    .github-corner svg {
        color: #0f9d58;
        fill: #fff;
        height: 64px;
        width: 64px;
    }

    .github-corner:hover .octo-arm {
        animation: a 0.56s ease-in-out;
    }

    .github-corner .octo-arm {
        animation: none;
    }

    @keyframes a {
        0%,
        to {
            transform: rotate(0);
        }
        20%,
        60% {
            transform: rotate(-25deg);
        }
        40%,
        80% {
            transform: rotate(10deg);
        }
    }
</style>

<a href="https://gitee.com/chunsuo/blog" class="github-corner tooltipped hide-on-med-and-down" target="_blank"
   data-tooltip="Fork Me" data-position="left" data-delay="50">
    <svg viewBox="0 0 250 250" aria-hidden="true">
        <path d="M0,0 L115,115 L130,115 L142,142 L250,250 L250,0 Z"></path>
        <path d="M128.3,109.0 C113.8,99.7 119.0,89.6 119.0,89.6 C122.0,82.7 120.5,78.6 120.5,78.6 C119.2,72.0 123.4,76.3 123.4,76.3 C127.3,80.9 125.5,87.3 125.5,87.3 C122.9,97.6 130.6,101.9 134.4,103.2"
              fill="currentColor" style="transform-origin: 130px 106px;" class="octo-arm"></path>
        <path d="M115.0,115.0 C114.9,115.1 118.7,116.5 119.8,115.4 L133.7,101.6 C136.9,99.2 139.9,98.4 142.2,98.6 C133.8,88.0 127.5,74.4 143.8,58.0 C148.5,53.4 154.0,51.2 159.7,51.0 C160.3,49.4 163.2,43.6 171.4,40.1 C171.4,40.1 176.1,42.5 178.8,56.2 C183.1,58.6 187.2,61.8 190.9,65.4 C194.5,69.0 197.7,73.2 200.1,77.6 C213.8,80.2 216.3,84.9 216.3,84.9 C212.7,93.1 206.9,96.0 205.4,96.6 C205.1,102.4 203.0,107.8 198.3,112.5 C181.9,128.9 168.3,122.5 157.7,114.1 C157.9,116.9 156.7,120.9 152.7,124.9 L141.0,136.5 C139.8,137.7 141.6,141.9 141.8,141.8 Z"
              fill="currentColor" class="octo-body"></path>
    </svg>
</a>
        
    </nav>

</header>

    



<div class="bg-cover pd-header post-cover" style="background-image: url('http://browser9.qhimg.com/bdr/__85/t0128e904ff207c846b.jpg')">
    <div class="container" style="right: 0px;left: 0px;">
        <div class="row">
            <div class="col s12 m12 l12">
                <div class="brand">
                    <h1 class="description center-align post-title">vue渲染机制、渲染函数（官文简化、理解）</h1>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>




<main class="container content">

    
    <!-- 文章内容详情 -->
<div id="artDetail">
    <div class="card">
        <div class="card-content article-info">
            <div class="row tag-cate">
                <div class="col s7">
                    
                    <div class="article-tag">
                        
                            <a href="/ycs/tags/vue%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3%E9%98%85%E8%AF%BB%E9%9A%8F%E8%AE%B0/">
                                <span class="chip bg-color">vue文档阅读随记</span>
                            </a>
                        
                    </div>
                    
                </div>
                <div class="col s5 right-align">
                    
                    <div class="post-cate">
                        <i class="fas fa-bookmark fa-fw icon-category"></i>
                        
                            <a href="/ycs/categories/vue/" class="post-category">
                                vue
                            </a>
                        
                    </div>
                    
                </div>
            </div>

            <div class="post-info">
                
                <div class="post-date info-break-policy">
                    <i class="far fa-calendar-minus fa-fw"></i>发布日期:&nbsp;&nbsp;
                    2022-10-01
                </div>
                

                
                <div class="post-date info-break-policy">
                    <i class="far fa-calendar-check fa-fw"></i>更新日期:&nbsp;&nbsp;
                    2023-07-19
                </div>
                

                
                <div class="info-break-policy">
                    <i class="far fa-file-word fa-fw"></i>文章字数:&nbsp;&nbsp;
                    1.3k
                </div>
                

                

                
                    <div id="busuanzi_container_page_pv" class="info-break-policy">
                        <i class="far fa-eye fa-fw"></i>阅读次数:&nbsp;&nbsp;
                        <span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"></span>
                    </div>
				
            </div>
        </div>
        <hr class="clearfix">

        
        <!-- 是否加载使用自带的 prismjs. -->
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="/ycs/libs/prism/prism.min.css">
        

        

        <div class="card-content article-card-content">
            <div id="articleContent">
                <h1 id="渲染函数"><a href="#渲染函数" class="headerlink" title="渲染函数"></a>渲染函数</h1><h2 id="h"><a href="#h" class="headerlink" title="h()"></a>h()</h2><p><code>h()</code> 函数用于创建 vnodes。<br>使用案例</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-javascript" data-language="javascript"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token comment">// 除了类型必填以外，其他的参数都是可选的</span>
<span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'div'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'div'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">id</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'foo'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment">// attribute 和 property 都能在 prop 中书写</span>
<span class="token comment">// Vue 会自动将它们分配到正确的位置</span>
<span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'div'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'bar'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">innerHTML</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'hello'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment">// props modifiers such as .prop and .attr can be added</span>
<span class="token comment">// with '.' and `^' prefixes respectively</span>
<span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'div'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token string-property property">'.name'</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'some-name'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string-property property">'^width'</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'100'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment">// 类与样式可以像在模板中一样</span>
<span class="token comment">// 用数组或对象的形式书写</span>
<span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'div'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>foo<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> bar <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">style</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">color</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'red'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment">// 事件监听器应以 onXxx 的形式书写</span>
<span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'div'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token function-variable function">onClick</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment">// children 可以是一个字符串</span>
<span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'div'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">id</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'foo'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'hello'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment">// 没有 props 时可以省略不写</span>
<span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'div'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'hello'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'div'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'span'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'hello'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment">// children 数组可以同时包含 vnodes 与字符串</span>
<span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'div'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'hello'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'span'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'hello'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<pre class="line-numbers language-javascript" data-language="javascript"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token keyword">const</span> vnode <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'div'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">id</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'foo'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">// 获取到的结果</span>
vnode<span class="token punctuation">.</span>type <span class="token comment">// 'div'</span>
vnode<span class="token punctuation">.</span>props <span class="token comment">// { id: 'foo' }</span>
vnode<span class="token punctuation">.</span>children <span class="token comment">// []</span>
vnode<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token comment">// null</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<h2 id="声明渲染函数"><a href="#声明渲染函数" class="headerlink" title="声明渲染函数"></a>声明渲染函数</h2><p>当组合式 API 与模板一起使用时，<code>setup()</code> 钩子的返回值是用于暴露数据给模板。然而当我们使用渲染函数时，可以直接把渲染函数返回：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-javascript" data-language="javascript"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ref<span class="token punctuation">,</span> h <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'vue'</span>

<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token literal-property property">props</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment">/* ... */</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token function">setup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">props</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> count <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token comment">// 在 setup() 内部声明的渲染函数天生能够访问在同一范围内声明的 props 和许多响应式状态。 </span>
    <span class="token comment">// 返回渲染函数</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'div'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> props<span class="token punctuation">.</span>msg <span class="token operator">+</span> count<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>可以返回字符串</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-javascript" data-language="javascript"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token function">setup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token string">'hello world!'</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>可以返回多个根节点</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-javascript" data-language="javascript"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> h <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'vue'</span>

<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token function">setup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment">// 使用数组返回多个根节点</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
      <span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'div'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
      <span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'div'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
      <span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'div'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">]</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<h2 id="常见案例"><a href="#常见案例" class="headerlink" title="常见案例"></a>常见案例</h2><h3 id="v-if"><a href="#v-if" class="headerlink" title="v-if"></a>v-if</h3><pre class="line-numbers language-vue" data-language="vue"><code class="language-vue">&lt;div&gt;
  &lt;div v-if="ok"&gt;yes&lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;span v-else&gt;no&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<pre class="line-numbers language-javascript" data-language="javascript"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'div'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>ok<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'div'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'yes'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'span'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'no'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>

<h3 id="v-for"><a href="#v-for" class="headerlink" title="v-for"></a>v-for</h3><pre class="line-numbers language-vue" data-language="vue"><code class="language-vue">&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li v-for="{ id, text } in items" :key="id"&gt;
    {{ text }}
  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<pre class="line-numbers language-javascript" data-language="javascript"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
  <span class="token string">'ul'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token comment">// assuming `items` is a ref with array value</span>
  items<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter"><span class="token punctuation">{</span> id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> text <span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'li'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">key</span><span class="token operator">:</span> id <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> text<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<h3 id="v-on"><a href="#v-on" class="headerlink" title="v-on"></a>v-on</h3><pre class="line-numbers language-javascript" data-language="javascript"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
  <span class="token string">'button'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token function">onClick</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">event</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token comment">/* ... */</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token string">'click me'</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<h3 id="事件修饰符"><a href="#事件修饰符" class="headerlink" title="事件修饰符"></a>事件修饰符</h3><pre class="line-numbers language-javascript" data-language="javascript"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'input'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token function">onClickCapture</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment">/* 捕捉模式中的监听器 */</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token function">onKeyupOnce</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment">/* 只触发一次 */</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token function">onMouseoverOnceCapture</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment">/* 单次 + 捕捉 */</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p>对于事件和按键修饰符，可以使用 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://cn.vuejs.org/api/render-function.html#withmodifiers"><code>withModifiers</code></a> 函数：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-javascript" data-language="javascript"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> withModifiers <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'vue'</span>

<span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'div'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token literal-property property">onClick</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">withModifiers</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'self'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<h3 id="组件"><a href="#组件" class="headerlink" title="组件"></a>组件</h3><pre class="line-numbers language-javascript" data-language="javascript"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token keyword">import</span> Foo <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'./Foo.vue'</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> Bar <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'./Bar.jsx'</span>

<span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">render</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'div'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Foo<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Bar<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<h3 id="渲染插槽"><a href="#渲染插槽" class="headerlink" title="渲染插槽"></a>渲染插槽</h3><p>在渲染函数中，插槽可以通过 <code>setup()</code> 的上下文来访问。每个 <code>slots</code> 对象中的插槽都是一个<strong>返回 vnodes 数组的函数</strong>：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-javascript" data-language="javascript"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token literal-property property">props</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'message'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token function">setup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">props<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> slots <span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
      <span class="token comment">// 默认插槽：</span>
      <span class="token comment">// &lt;div&gt;&lt;slot /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</span>
      <span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'div'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> slots<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>

      <span class="token comment">// 具名插槽：</span>
      <span class="token comment">// &lt;div&gt;&lt;slot name="footer" :text="message" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</span>
      <span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
        <span class="token string">'div'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
        slots<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">footer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
          <span class="token literal-property property">text</span><span class="token operator">:</span> props<span class="token punctuation">.</span>message
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">]</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<h3 id="传递插槽"><a href="#传递插槽" class="headerlink" title="传递插槽"></a>传递插槽</h3><pre class="line-numbers language-javascript" data-language="javascript"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token comment">// 单个默认插槽</span>
<span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>MyComponent<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token string">'hello'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment">// 具名插槽</span>
<span class="token comment">// 注意 `null` 是必需的</span>
<span class="token comment">// 以避免 slot 对象被当成 prop 处理</span>
<span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>MyComponent<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token function-variable function">default</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token string">'default slot'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token function-variable function">foo</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'div'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'foo'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token function-variable function">bar</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'span'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'one'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'span'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'two'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<h3 id="内置组件"><a href="#内置组件" class="headerlink" title="内置组件"></a>内置组件</h3><pre class="line-numbers language-javascript" data-language="javascript"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> h<span class="token punctuation">,</span> KeepAlive<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Teleport<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transition<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransitionGroup <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'vue'</span>

<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token function">setup</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Transition<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">mode</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'out-in'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">/* ... */</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<h3 id="v-model"><a href="#v-model" class="headerlink" title="v-model"></a>v-model</h3><pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">v-model` 指令扩展为 `modelValue` 和 `onUpdate:modelValue<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>

<pre class="line-numbers language-javascript" data-language="javascript"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token literal-property property">props</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'modelValue'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token literal-property property">emits</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'update:modelValue'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token function">setup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">props<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> emit <span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span>
      <span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>SomeComponent<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token literal-property property">modelValue</span><span class="token operator">:</span> props<span class="token punctuation">.</span>modelValue<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
        <span class="token string-property property">'onUpdate:modelValue'</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">value</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">emit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'update:modelValue'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<h3 id="自定义指令"><a href="#自定义指令" class="headerlink" title="自定义指令#"></a>自定义指令<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://cn.vuejs.org/guide/extras/render-function.html#custom-directives">#</a></h3><p>可以使用 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://cn.vuejs.org/api/render-function.html#withdirectives"><code>withDirectives</code></a> 将自定义指令应用于 vnode：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-javascript" data-language="javascript"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> h<span class="token punctuation">,</span> withDirectives <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'vue'</span>

<span class="token comment">// 自定义指令</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> pin <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token function">mounted</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">/* ... */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token function">updated</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">/* ... */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment">// &lt;div v-pin:top.animate="200"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> vnode <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">withDirectives</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">h</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'div'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>pin<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">200</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'top'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">animate</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p>当一个指令是以名称注册并且不能被直接导入时，可以使用 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://cn.vuejs.org/api/render-function.html#resolvedirective"><code>resolveDirective</code></a> 函数来解决这个问题。</p>
<h1 id="一堆理论输出"><a href="#一堆理论输出" class="headerlink" title="一堆理论输出"></a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://cn.vuejs.org/guide/extras/rendering-mechanism.html">一堆理论输出</a></h1><h2 id="虚拟DOM"><a href="#虚拟DOM" class="headerlink" title="虚拟DOM"></a>虚拟DOM</h2><p>将目标所需的 UI 通过数据结构“虚拟”地表示出来，保存在内存中，然后将真实的 DOM 与之保持同步。</p>
<p>一个运行时渲染器将会遍历整个虚拟 DOM 树，并据此构建真实的 DOM 树。这个过程被称为<strong>挂载</strong> (mount)。</p>
<p>如果我们有两份虚拟 DOM 树，渲染器将会有比较地遍历它们，找出它们之间的区别，并应用这其中的变化到真实的 DOM 上。这个过程被称为<strong>更新</strong> (patch)，又被称为“比对”(diffing) 或“协调”(reconciliation)。</p>
<h2 id="渲染管线"><a href="#渲染管线" class="headerlink" title="渲染管线"></a>渲染管线</h2><p>直接查阅官方文档：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://cn.vuejs.org/guide/extras/rendering-mechanism.html#render-pipeline">渲染机制 | Vue.js (vuejs.org)</a></p>
<h2 id="渲染函数优势"><a href="#渲染函数优势" class="headerlink" title="渲染函数优势"></a>渲染函数优势</h2><p>在处理高度动态的逻辑时，渲染函数相比于模板更加灵活。</p>
<h2 id="带编译时信息的虚拟-DOM"><a href="#带编译时信息的虚拟-DOM" class="headerlink" title="带编译时信息的虚拟 DOM"></a>带编译时信息的虚拟 DOM</h2><h3 id="静态提升"><a href="#静态提升" class="headerlink" title="静态提升"></a>静态提升</h3><pre class="line-numbers language-HTML" data-language="HTML"><code class="language-HTML">&lt;div&gt;
  &lt;div&gt;foo&lt;/div&gt; &lt;!-- 静态需提升 --&gt;
  &lt;div&gt;bar&lt;/div&gt; &lt;!-- 静态需提升 --&gt;
  &lt;div&gt;{{ dynamic }}&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p>不依赖任何动态绑定DOM我们称为静态节点。编译器会自动提升该节点创建函数到这个模板渲染函数之外，渲染时跳过这部分差异对比，然后调用这个节点创建函数。<br>如果出现重复，将会被压缩成一个“静态vnode”，直接通过 innerHTML 来挂载。初次挂载后缓存这个DOM 节点。如果该DOM节点在其他地方重用，将使用<code>cloneNode()</code>克隆新的DOM节点,两个字揍是“高效”。</p>
<h3 id="更新类型标记"><a href="#更新类型标记" class="headerlink" title="更新类型标记"></a>更新类型标记</h3><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://cn.vuejs.org/guide/extras/rendering-mechanism.html#patch-flags">https://cn.vuejs.org/guide/extras/rendering-mechanism.html#patch-flags</a></p>
<h3 id="树结构打平"><a href="#树结构打平" class="headerlink" title="树结构打平"></a>树结构打平</h3><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://cn.vuejs.org/guide/extras/rendering-mechanism.html#tree-flattening">https://cn.vuejs.org/guide/extras/rendering-mechanism.html#tree-flattening</a></p>

                
            </div>
            <hr/>

            

    <div class="reprint" id="reprint-statement">
        
            <div class="reprint__author">
                <span class="reprint-meta" style="font-weight: bold;">
                    <i class="fas fa-user">
                        文章作者:
                    </i>
                </span>
                <span class="reprint-info">
                    <a href="/ycs/about" rel="external nofollow noreferrer">叶春锁</a>
                </span>
            </div>
            <div class="reprint__type">
                <span class="reprint-meta" style="font-weight: bold;">
                    <i class="fas fa-link">
                        文章链接:
                    </i>
                </span>
                <span class="reprint-info">
                    <a href="https://gitee.com/chunsuo/ycs.git/ycs/2022/10/01/vue%E6%B8%B2%E6%9F%93%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6/">https://gitee.com/chunsuo/ycs.git/ycs/2022/10/01/vue%E6%B8%B2%E6%9F%93%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6/</a>
                </span>
            </div>
            <div class="reprint__notice">
                <span class="reprint-meta" style="font-weight: bold;">
                    <i class="fas fa-copyright">
                        版权声明:
                    </i>
                </span>
                <span class="reprint-info">
                    本博客所有文章除特別声明外，均采用
                    <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.zh" rel="external nofollow noreferrer" target="_blank">CC BY 4.0</a>
                    许可协议。转载请注明来源
                    <a href="/ycs/about" target="_blank">叶春锁</a>
                    !
                </span>
            </div>
        
    </div>

    <script async defer>
      document.addEventListener("copy", function (e) {
        let toastHTML = '<span>复制成功，请遵循本文的转载规则</span><button class="btn-flat toast-action" onclick="navToReprintStatement()" style="font-size: smaller">查看</a>';
        M.toast({html: toastHTML})
      });

      function navToReprintStatement() {
        $("html, body").animate({scrollTop: $("#reprint-statement").offset().top - 80}, 800);
      }
    </script>



            <div class="tag_share" style="display: block;">
                <div class="post-meta__tag-list" style="display: inline-block;">
                    
                        <div class="article-tag">
                            
                                <a href="/ycs/tags/vue%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3%E9%98%85%E8%AF%BB%E9%9A%8F%E8%AE%B0/">
                                    <span class="chip bg-color">vue文档阅读随记</span>
                                </a>
                            
                        </div>
                    
                </div>
                <div class="post_share" style="zoom: 80%; width: fit-content; display: inline-block; float: right; margin: -0.15rem 0;">
                    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/ycs/libs/share/css/share.min.css">
<div id="article-share">

    
    <div class="social-share" data-sites="twitter,facebook,google,qq,qzone,wechat,weibo,douban,linkedin" data-wechat-qrcode-helper="<p>微信扫一扫即可分享！</p>"></div>
    <script src="/ycs/libs/share/js/social-share.min.js"></script>
    

    

</div>

                </div>
            </div>
            
                <div id="reward">
    <a href="#rewardModal" class="reward-link modal-trigger btn-floating btn-medium waves-effect waves-light red">赏</a>

    <!-- Modal Structure -->
    <div id="rewardModal" class="modal">
        <div class="modal-content">
            <a class="close modal-close"><i class="fas fa-times"></i></a>
            <h4 class="reward-title">你的赏识是我前进的动力</h4>
            <div class="reward-content">
                <div class="reward-tabs">
                    <ul class="tabs row">
                        <li class="tab col s6 alipay-tab waves-effect waves-light"><a href="#alipay">支付宝</a></li>
                        <li class="tab col s6 wechat-tab waves-effect waves-light"><a href="#wechat">微 信</a></li>
                    </ul>
                    <div id="alipay">
                        <img src="/ycs/medias/reward/alipay.jpg" class="reward-img" alt="支付宝打赏二维码">
                    </div>
                    <div id="wechat">
                        <img src="/ycs/medias/reward/wechat.png" class="reward-img" alt="微信打赏二维码">
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

<script>
    $(function () {
        $('.tabs').tabs();
    });
</script>

            
        </div>
    </div>

    

    

    

    
    <div class="livere-card card" data-aos="fade-up">
    <!-- 来必力City版安装代码 -->
    <div id="lv-container" class="card-content" data-id="city" data-uid="MTAyMC81NzU0Ny8zNDAxMQ==">
        <script type="text/javascript">
            (function (d, s) {
                let j, e = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];
                if (typeof LivereTower === 'function') {
                    return;
                }

                j = d.createElement(s);
                j.src = 'https://cdn-city.livere.com/js/embed.dist.js';
                j.async = true;

                e.parentNode.insertBefore(j, e);
            })(document, 'script');
        </script>
        <noscript>为正常使用来必力评论功能请激活JavaScript。</noscript>
    </div>
    <!-- City版安装代码已完成 -->
</div>
    

    

    

    

    

    

<article id="prenext-posts" class="prev-next articles">
    <div class="row article-row">
        
        <div class="article col s12 m6" data-aos="fade-up">
            <div class="article-badge left-badge text-color">
                <i class="fas fa-chevron-left"></i>&nbsp;上一篇</div>
            <div class="card">
                <a href="/ycs/2022/10/29/%E8%83%A1%E9%80%82%E8%B5%A0%E6%AF%95%E4%B8%9A%E7%94%9F/">
                    <div class="card-image">
                        
                        <img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-044f94fb68f0cf2d5dec0371c519fc12_720w.jpg?source=172ae18b" class="responsive-img" alt="胡适赠毕业生">
                        
                        <span class="card-title">胡适赠毕业生</span>
                    </div>
                </a>
                <div class="card-content article-content">
                    <div class="summary block-with-text">
                        
                            朋友们，在你最悲观失望的时候，那正是你必须鼓起坚强的信心的时候。你要深信：天下没有白费的努力。成功不必在我，而功力必不唐捐。
                        
                    </div>
                    <div class="publish-info">
                        <span class="publish-date">
                            <i class="far fa-clock fa-fw icon-date"></i>2022-10-29
                        </span>
                        <span class="publish-author">
                            
                            <i class="fas fa-bookmark fa-fw icon-category"></i>
                            
                            <a href="/ycs/categories/%E4%BA%BA%E7%94%9F/" class="post-category">
                                    人生
                                </a>
                            
                            
                        </span>
                    </div>
                </div>
                
                <div class="card-action article-tags">
                    
                    <a href="/ycs/tags/%E6%96%87%E6%91%98/">
                        <span class="chip bg-color">文摘</span>
                    </a>
                    
                </div>
                
            </div>
        </div>
        
        
        <div class="article col s12 m6" data-aos="fade-up">
            <div class="article-badge right-badge text-color">
                下一篇&nbsp;<i class="fas fa-chevron-right"></i>
            </div>
            <div class="card">
                <a href="/ycs/2022/06/02/%E6%B5%85%E6%8B%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%B8%8E%E6%B7%B1%E6%8B%B7%E8%B4%9D/">
                    <div class="card-image">
                        
                        <img src="https://cn.bing.com/th?id=OHR.SyltNordseeHoernum_ZH-CN6316415332_1920x1200.jpg" class="responsive-img" alt="深拷贝与浅拷贝">
                        
                        <span class="card-title">深拷贝与浅拷贝</span>
                    </div>
                </a>
                <div class="card-content article-content">
                    <div class="summary block-with-text">
                        
                            基础
                        
                    </div>
                    <div class="publish-info">
                            <span class="publish-date">
                                <i class="far fa-clock fa-fw icon-date"></i>2022-06-02
                            </span>
                        <span class="publish-author">
                            
                            <i class="fas fa-bookmark fa-fw icon-category"></i>
                            
                            <a href="/ycs/categories/%E5%89%8D%E7%AB%AF%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E9%A2%98/" class="post-category">
                                    前端基础题
                                </a>
                            
                            
                        </span>
                    </div>
                </div>
                
                <div class="card-action article-tags">
                    
                    <a href="/ycs/tags/javascript/">
                        <span class="chip bg-color">javascript</span>
                    </a>
                    
                </div>
                
            </div>
        </div>
        
    </div>
</article>

</div>



<!-- 代码块功能依赖 -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="/ycs/libs/codeBlock/codeBlockFuction.js"></script>


  <!-- 是否加载使用自带的 prismjs. -->
  <script type="text/javascript" src="/ycs/libs/prism/prism.min.js"></script>


<!-- 代码语言 -->

<script type="text/javascript" src="/ycs/libs/codeBlock/codeLang.js"></script>


<!-- 代码块复制 -->

<script type="text/javascript" src="/ycs/libs/codeBlock/codeCopy.js"></script>


<!-- 代码块收缩 -->

<script type="text/javascript" src="/ycs/libs/codeBlock/codeShrink.js"></script>



    

</main>




    <footer class="page-footer bg-color">
    

    <div class="container row center-align"
         style="margin-bottom: 0px !important;">
        <div class="col s12 m8 l8 copy-right">
            Copyright&nbsp;&copy;
            
                <span id="year">2022-2023</span>
            
            <a href="/ycs/about" target="_blank">叶春锁</a>
            |&nbsp;Powered by&nbsp;<a href="https://hexo.io/" target="_blank">Hexo</a>
            |&nbsp;Theme&nbsp;<a href="https://github.com/blinkfox/hexo-theme-matery" target="_blank">Matery</a>
            <br>
            
                &nbsp;<i class="fas fa-chart-area"></i>&nbsp;站点总字数:&nbsp;<span
                        class="white-color">49.1k</span>
            
            
            
                
            
            
                <span id="busuanzi_container_site_pv">
                &nbsp;|&nbsp;<i class="far fa-eye"></i>&nbsp;总访问量:&nbsp;
                    <span id="busuanzi_value_site_pv" class="white-color"></span>
            </span>
            
            
                <span id="busuanzi_container_site_uv">
                &nbsp;|&nbsp;<i class="fas fa-users"></i>&nbsp;总访问人数:&nbsp;
                    <span id="busuanzi_value_site_uv" class="white-color"></span>
            </span>
            
            <br>

            <!-- 运行天数提醒. -->
            
            <br>
            
        </div>
        <div class="col s12 m4 l4 social-link social-statis">
    <a href="https://gitee.com/chunsuo" class="tooltipped" target="_blank" data-tooltip="访问我的GitHub" data-position="top" data-delay="50">
        <i class="fab fa-github"></i>
    </a>



    <a href="mailto:yechunsuo@163.com" class="tooltipped" target="_blank" data-tooltip="邮件联系我" data-position="top" data-delay="50">
        <i class="fas fa-envelope-open"></i>
    </a>







    <a href="tencent://AddContact/?fromId=50&fromSubId=1&subcmd=all&uin=3196682804" class="tooltipped" target="_blank" data-tooltip="QQ联系我: 3196682804" data-position="top" data-delay="50">
        <i class="fab fa-qq"></i>
    </a>







    <a href="/ycs/atom.xml" class="tooltipped" target="_blank" data-tooltip="RSS 订阅" data-position="top" data-delay="50">
        <i class="fas fa-rss"></i>
    </a>

</div>
    </div>
</footer>

<div class="progress-bar"></div>


    <!-- 搜索遮罩框 -->
<div id="searchModal" class="modal">
    <div class="modal-content">
        <div class="search-header">
            <span class="title"><i class="fas fa-search"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;搜索</span>
            <input type="search" id="searchInput" name="s" placeholder="请输入搜索的关键字"
                   class="search-input">
        </div>
        <div id="searchResult"></div>
    </div>
</div>

<script type="text/javascript">
$(function () {
    var searchFunc = function (path, search_id, content_id) {
        'use strict';
        $.ajax({
            url: path,
            dataType: "xml",
            success: function (xmlResponse) {
                // get the contents from search data
                var datas = $("entry", xmlResponse).map(function () {
                    return {
                        title: $("title", this).text(),
                        content: $("content", this).text(),
                        url: $("url", this).text()
                    };
                }).get();
                var $input = document.getElementById(search_id);
                var $resultContent = document.getElementById(content_id);
                $input.addEventListener('input', function () {
                    var str = '<ul class=\"search-result-list\">';
                    var keywords = this.value.trim().toLowerCase().split(/[\s\-]+/);
                    $resultContent.innerHTML = "";
                    if (this.value.trim().length <= 0) {
                        return;
                    }
                    // perform local searching
                    datas.forEach(function (data) {
                        var isMatch = true;
                        var data_title = data.title.trim().toLowerCase();
                        var data_content = data.content.trim().replace(/<[^>]+>/g, "").toLowerCase();
                        var data_url = data.url;
                        data_url = data_url.indexOf('/') === 0 ? data.url : '/' + data_url;
                        var index_title = -1;
                        var index_content = -1;
                        var first_occur = -1;
                        // only match artiles with not empty titles and contents
                        if (data_title !== '' && data_content !== '') {
                            keywords.forEach(function (keyword, i) {
                                index_title = data_title.indexOf(keyword);
                                index_content = data_content.indexOf(keyword);
                                if (index_title < 0 && index_content < 0) {
                                    isMatch = false;
                                } else {
                                    if (index_content < 0) {
                                        index_content = 0;
                                    }
                                    if (i === 0) {
                                        first_occur = index_content;
                                    }
                                }
                            });
                        }
                        // show search results
                        if (isMatch) {
                            str += "<li><a href='" + data_url + "' class='search-result-title'>" + data_title + "</a>";
                            var content = data.content.trim().replace(/<[^>]+>/g, "");
                            if (first_occur >= 0) {
                                // cut out 100 characters
                                var start = first_occur - 20;
                                var end = first_occur + 80;
                                if (start < 0) {
                                    start = 0;
                                }
                                if (start === 0) {
                                    end = 100;
                                }
                                if (end > content.length) {
                                    end = content.length;
                                }
                                var match_content = content.substr(start, end);
                                // highlight all keywords
                                keywords.forEach(function (keyword) {
                                    var regS = new RegExp(keyword, "gi");
                                    match_content = match_content.replace(regS, "<em class=\"search-keyword\">" + keyword + "</em>");
                                });

                                str += "<p class=\"search-result\">" + match_content + "...</p>"
                            }
                            str += "</li>";
                        }
                    });
                    str += "</ul>";
                    $resultContent.innerHTML = str;
                });
            }
        });
    };

    searchFunc('/ycs/search.xml', 'searchInput', 'searchResult');
});
</script>

    <!-- 白天和黑夜主题 -->
<div class="stars-con">
    <div id="stars"></div>
    <div id="stars2"></div>
    <div id="stars3"></div>  
</div>

<script>
    function switchNightMode() {
        $('<div class="Cuteen_DarkSky"><div class="Cuteen_DarkPlanet"></div></div>').appendTo($('body')),
        setTimeout(function () {
            $('body').hasClass('DarkMode') 
            ? ($('body').removeClass('DarkMode'), localStorage.setItem('isDark', '0'), $('#sum-moon-icon').removeClass("fa-sun").addClass('fa-moon')) 
            : ($('body').addClass('DarkMode'), localStorage.setItem('isDark', '1'), $('#sum-moon-icon').addClass("fa-sun").removeClass('fa-moon')),
            
            setTimeout(function () {
            $('.Cuteen_DarkSky').fadeOut(1e3, function () {
                $(this).remove()
            })
            }, 2e3)
        })
    }
</script>

    <!-- 回到顶部按钮 -->
<div id="backTop" class="top-scroll">
    <a class="btn-floating btn-large waves-effect waves-light" href="#!">
        <i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i>
    </a>
</div>


    <script src="/ycs/libs/materialize/materialize.min.js"></script>
    <script src="/ycs/libs/masonry/masonry.pkgd.min.js"></script>
    <script src="/ycs/libs/aos/aos.js"></script>
    <script src="/ycs/libs/scrollprogress/scrollProgress.min.js"></script>
    <script src="/ycs/libs/lightGallery/js/lightgallery-all.min.js"></script>
    <script src="/ycs/js/matery.js"></script>

    

    

    <!-- 雪花特效 -->
     
        <script type="text/javascript">
            // 只在桌面版网页启用特效
            var windowWidth = $(window).width();
            if (windowWidth > 768) {
                document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="/ycs/libs/others/snow.js"><\/script>');
            }
        </script>
    

    <!-- 鼠标星星特效 -->
    

     
        <script src="https://ssl.captcha.qq.com/TCaptcha.js"></script>
        <script src="/ycs/libs/others/TencentCaptcha.js"></script>
        <button id="TencentCaptcha" data-appid="xxxxxxxxxx" data-cbfn="callback" type="button" hidden></button>
    

    <!-- Baidu Analytics -->

    <!-- Baidu Push -->

<script>
    (function () {
        var bp = document.createElement('script');
        var curProtocol = window.location.protocol.split(':')[0];
        if (curProtocol === 'https') {
            bp.src = 'https://zz.bdstatic.com/linksubmit/push.js';
        } else {
            bp.src = 'http://push.zhanzhang.baidu.com/push.js';
        }
        var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];
        s.parentNode.insertBefore(bp, s);
    })();
</script>

    
    <script src="/ycs/libs/others/clicklove.js" async="async"></script>
    
    
    <script async src="/ycs/libs/others/busuanzi.pure.mini.js"></script>
    

    

    

    <!--腾讯兔小巢-->
    
    

    

    

    
    <script src="/ycs/libs/instantpage/instantpage.js" type="module"></script>
    

</body>

</html>
